Investor confidence in Chinese AI startups is riding high, but obstacles to their long-term success range from U.S. export controls to the puzzle of how to become profitable.

This month, two leading players in China¡¯s artificial intelligence industry, Zhipu AI and MiniMax, made dazzling debuts on the Hong Kong stock exchange.

The pair are part of a wave of rapidly growing Chinese ¡°AI tigers¡± spurred by another startup, DeepSeek, whose low-cost AI model, on par with U.S. rivals, stunned the world a year ago.